Reading+Log+1

** Reading **** log 1 ** a. What do you know about the chaos theory? Chaos theory is a study of math and physic about dynamic systems. b. What do you think the text will be about? I think the text will about definition, description, classification, comparison-contras of chaos theory. c. Write a list of five words (minimum) that you think you can find in the text you will read. 1. Movement 2. Attraction 3. System 4. Dynamic 5. Math 6. Physic 7. Stable 8. Unstable. 1. Read the text and check if you can find any of the words you wrote in your list (the one you wrote in the pre-reading, letter c.) I found the words or variants of the word marked with numbers 1 (movement), 4 (dynamic), 3 (system), 5 (math), 2 (attraction) and 6 (physic). This will be mark in the last text with the pink numbers and pink ‘ quotation marks ’. 2. Underline all the definitions you find in the text. The definitions will be underline with __dark purple__ in the last text. 3. In the definitions: Mark the term being defined, the general class words and the characteristics of the terms. The term being defined will be mark as the following in the last text: term (term being defined). The general class words will be mark as the following in the last text: word (general class word). The characteristics of the term will be mark as the following in the last text: characteristics (characteristics of the term). 4. Find the descriptions if any. The descriptions will be jutted whit blue. 5. Find what the following referents, underlined in the sentences below, refer to in the text. Be careful some items more contain more than one referent: a. Chaos Theory, theory describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems __that__ are sensitive to __their__ initial conditions. ‘That’ and ‘their’ refers to ‘motions or dynamic systems’. b. Until recently, __it__ was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, __it__ was due to random external influences. The first ‘it’ refers to the ‘scientific research dedicated to analyzing change’. The second ‘it’ is refer to ‘if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably’. c. “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great __ones__ in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible.…” ‘It’ refers to ‘differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena ‘. ‘Ones’ refers to ‘differences’. d. The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed __them__ to easily model and visualize chaotic systems. ‘Them’ is refers to the ‘scientists’. e. __He__ demonstrated visually that there was structure in __his__ chaotic weather model __that__, when plotted... ‘He’ and ‘his’ refers to ‘Edward Lorenz’. ‘That’ refers to the ‘structure’.
 * Great 3,5pts[[image:pumpkin.gif]] **
 * I. Pre-reading: **
 * II. Reading: **

6. What new aspects did you discover about the chaos theory? I discovered that the “French mathematician Henri Poincaré was the first to state the defining feature of what later became known as chaos” and that the American meteorologist Edward Lorenz rediscovered chaos and proved that long-range forecasting of the weather was impossible. So I knew many examples of chaos or things that show chaos as: systems as varied as electric circuits, measles outbreaks, lasers, clashing gears, heart rhythms, electrical brain activity, circadian rhythms, fluids, animal populations, chemical reactions, weather, Hyperion and the orbit of Pluto. Was unknown for me that “scientists are currently developing applications that use chaos” and that “new chaos-aware control techniques are being used to stabilize lasers, manipulate chemical reactions, encode information, and change chaotic heart rhythms into healthy, regular heart rhythms”.

7. Is the chaos theory related to real life aspects? Explain. Yes, it is. The chaos theory is related to many physicals and biological real aspects of the everyday life that I said in the answer to the sixth question. __ Chaos Theory (term being defined) ____, theory (general class word) describing the complex and unpredictable 1 ‘ motion ’ or 4 ‘ dynamics ’ of 3 ‘ systems ’ that are sensitive to their initial conditions (characteristics of the term) __. Chaotic systems are 5 ‘ mathematically ’ deterministic—that is, they follow precise laws, but their irregular behavior can appear to be random to the casual observer. Chaotic behavior is common in systems as varied as electric circuits, measles outbreaks, lasers, clashing gears, heart rhythms, electrical brain activity, circadian rhythms, fluids, animal populations, and chemical reactions. It is suspected that even economic systems, such as the stock exchange, may be chaotic. The field of chaos is evolving rapidly from a theoretical to an applied science. The dynamic nature of the universe has led to a great deal of scientific research dedicated to analyzing change. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, it was due to random external influences. Therefore, scientists concluded that if random influences could be eliminated, then the behavior of all such deterministic systems could be predicted indefinitely. It is now known that many systems can exhibit long-term unpredictability even in the absence of random influences. Such systems are called chaotic. Even very simple systems, such as a pendulum, exhibit chaos. The unpredictability of chaotic systems arises due to their sensitivity to their initial conditions, such as their initial position and velocity. Two identical chaotic systems set in motion with slightly different initial conditions can quickly exhibit motions that are quite different. French 5 ‘ mathematician ’ Henri Poincaré concluded that he could not prove the solar system to be completely predictable. He was the first to state the defining feature of what later became known as chaos: “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible.…” The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed them to easily model and visualize chaotic systems. Before then, however, pioneering scientists and engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration used Poincaré's work to send people and satellites into orbit. Edward Lorenz, an American meteorologist, discovered in the early 1960s that a simplified computer model of the weather demonstrated extreme sensitivity to the initial measured state of the weather (see Meteorology). He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model that, when plotted in three dimensions, fell onto a butterfly-shaped fractal set of points of a type now known as a strange 2 ‘ attractor ’. Lorenz rediscovered chaos and proved that long-range forecasting of the weather was impossible. By the early 1980s, experiments regularly showed that many 6 ‘ physical ’ and biological systems behave chaotically. One of the first such systems to be discovered was the dripping water faucet. Under certain conditions, the timing between water drops from a leaking faucet demonstrates chaotic behavior, making the long-term prediction of the timing of drops impossible. According to recent evidence, Poincaré's observations concerning the unpredictability of the solar system appear to be correct. Observations and computer simulations of the irregular tumbling motion of __ Hyperion (term being defined), a potato-shaped moon (general class word) of Saturn (characteristics of the term) __, have provided the first conclusive proof that objects in the solar system can behave chaotically. Recent computer simulations have also shown that the orbit of __ Pluto (term being defined), the outermost planet (general class word) of the solar system (characteristics of the term) __, is chaotic. Scientists are currently developing applications that use chaos. New chaos-aware control techniques are being used to stabilize lasers, manipulate chemical reactions, encode information, and change chaotic heart rhythms into healthy, regular heart rhythms.
 * Text to mark and underline __Chaos theory__ **